Tools Guide

Comprehensive reference of automated testing engines and visual explorer tools used across the framework.

Automated Testing & Compliance Engines

Core engines and scanners used to evaluate programmatic WCAG compliance, generate audit metrics, and integrate into testing pipelines.

Axe-core

An open-source accessibility testing engine developed by Deque Systems. It serves as the underlying compliance engine for numerous browser extensions and testing frameworks, focusing on programmatic accuracy and low false-positive rates against WCAG standards.

UUV (User-centric Usecases Validator)

An open-source testing solution that simplifies the creation and execution of end-to-end (E2E) tests focused heavily on user-centric use cases and accessibility compliance, making validation understandable across cross-functional teams.

Lighthouse

An automated, open-source tool by Google integrated directly into Chrome DevTools to audit web page performance, progressive web apps, SEO, and accessibility, leveraging axe-core for its core accessibility evaluation suite.

A11yhawk

An open-source, self-hostable accessibility scanning engine that loads pages in a real browser environment, runs deterministic Lighthouse audits, and supports optional LLM-driven analysis of full-page code structures.

IBM Accessibility Checker

A browser extension and assessment suite created by IBM that evaluates web applications against detailed WCAG checkpoints, offering granular reporting, code-level highlights, and practical remediation guidance.

Oobee (formerly Purple A11y)

An automated web accessibility testing tool designed for software development pipelines, enabling teams to continuously scan codebases and identify accessibility defects early in development.

Pa11y

A flexible command-line and Node.js-based automated accessibility testing utility designed to run checks against web pages and integrate effortlessly into continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines.

HTML CodeSniffer

A client-side JavaScript bookmarklet and script that inspects an active HTML DOM and detects violations of defined accessibility standards like WCAG and Section 508 directly in the browser window.

Siteimprove Alfa

An open, standards-based accessibility conformance testing engine that evaluates web pages built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript against official Accessibility Conformance Testing (ACT) rules and WCAG guidelines.

SpecA11y

An automated WCAG accessibility checker powered by Playwright that performs interactive testing—including focus indicator verification, reflow testing, and keyboard trap detection—while featuring forward-looking support for WCAG 3.0 draft rules.

Visual & Interactive Explorer Tools

Specialized visual inspection utilities designed to inspect document structure, focus flow, and visual accessibility states in real time.

Visual Screenreader

An assistive inspection utility that renders spoken or announced screen reader live regions and ARIA landmarks directly into a visual overlay, allowing auditors to observe screen reader reading order and announcements visually.

DOM Tree Inspector

A structural visualization tool that parses and displays the live Document Object Model hierarchy, highlighting semantic relationships, interactive nodes, and ARIA state attributes in an accessible tree view.

Contrast Checker

A specialized color analysis tool that evaluates foreground and background color combinations against WCAG 2.1 contrast ratio requirements (4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text and UI components).

Tab Mapper

An interactive navigation tool that maps, traces, and visualizes the sequential keyboard focus order across interactive elements on a web page, instantly revealing focus traps or illogical tab flows.

Colourblind Viewer

A visual simulation utility that filters web pages across various types of color vision deficiencies (such as Protanopia, Deuteranopia, Tritanopia, and Achromatopsia) to verify that information is never conveyed through color alone.

Markup & Standards Validators

Structural validators ensuring underlying document correctness and standards compliance.

Nu HTML Checker

A markup and syntax validator that checks HTML, SVG, and MathML documents against W3C specifications. It represents a different kind of validator focused on structural document correctness and standards compliance rather than specific accessibility heuristics, though valid markup forms a foundational layer for accessible experiences.


How Nu HTML Checker Relates to WCAG

  • Syntax and Parsing: WCAG Success Criterion 4.1.1 (Parsing) requires proper nesting, complete tags, and unique IDs. Fixing errors flagged by the Nu HTML Checker helps satisfy these technical markup requirements.
  • Accessibility Checks: The checker flags semantic and accessibility-related mistakes like missing form labels, invalid ARIA attributes, or incorrect element use.
  • Filtering for WCAG: Specific tools, such as bookmarklets created by accessibility experts, can filter the output of the Nu HTML Checker to highlight messages relevant to specific requirements like WCAG 2.1.
  • Not a Full Audit: It is a syntax and conformance checker, meaning it cannot test for contrast, keyboard navigation, or overall content accessibility, and must be paired with manual audits or dedicated accessibility testing tools.